Multiple Indicators Custer Survey 2006
Somalia, 2006
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Reference ID
SOM-DNS-MICS-2006
Producer(s)
UNICEF Somalia Support Centre,
Metadata
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Mar 13, 2017
Last modified
Jul 22, 2023
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Identification
Survey ID Number
SOM-DNS-MICS-2006
Title
Multiple Indicators Custer Survey 2006
Translated Title
The document will be translated into Somali as well as Arabic
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Somalia | SOM |
Study type
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey - Round 3 [hh/mics-3]
Series Information
The 2006 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a nationally representative survey of 5969 households, 6764 women age 15-49 and 6305 mother's and caretakers of children age less than five. The primary purpose of the MICS is to provide policy makers and planners with reliable and detailed information needed to monitor the situation of women and children. Information on child mortality, nutrition, child health, child protection, water and sanitation, education, reproductive health, knowledge of HIV/AIDS and fertility is included. The survey is conducted in everything two years to update the previous findings.
Abstract
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) is a household survey programme developed by UNICEF to assist countries in filling data gaps for monitoring human development in general and the situation of children and women in particular. The Pan Arab Population and Family Health Project(PAPFAM) is a programme conducted to enable national health institutions in the Arab region to obtain a timely and integrated flow of reliable information suitable for formulating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the family health and reproductive health policies and programs in a cost-effective manner.
MICS and PAPFAM are capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The current round of MICS/PAPFAM is focused on providing a monitoring tool for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Fit for Children (WFFC), as well as for other major international commitments, such as the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.
Survey Objectives
The 2006 Somali Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)/Pan Arab Population and Family Health Project(PAPFAM) has as its primary objectives:
- To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Somalia
- To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Somalia and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.
Survey Content
Following the MICS global questionnaire templates, the questionnaires were designed in a modular fashion customized to the needs of Somalia. The questionnaires consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker).
Survey Implementation
The Somalia MICS/PAPFAM was carried out by UNICEF with the support and assistance the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation of the Somali Transitional Federal Government, the Ministry of National Planning and Coordination of Somaliland and the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation of Puntland. Technical assistance and training for the survey was provided through a series of regional workshops organised by UNICEF and PAPFAM, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.
MICS and PAPFAM are capable of producing statistically sound, internationally comparable estimates of social indicators. The current round of MICS/PAPFAM is focused on providing a monitoring tool for the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Fit for Children (WFFC), as well as for other major international commitments, such as the United Nations General Assembly Special Session (UNGASS) on HIV/AIDS and the Abuja targets for malaria.
Survey Objectives
The 2006 Somali Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS)/Pan Arab Population and Family Health Project(PAPFAM) has as its primary objectives:
- To provide up-to-date information for assessing the situation of children and women in Somalia
- To furnish data needed for monitoring progress toward goals established in the Millennium Declaration, the goals of A World Fit For Children (WFFC), and other internationally agreed upon goals, as a basis for future action;
- To contribute to the improvement of data and monitoring systems in Somalia and to strengthen technical expertise in the design, implementation, and analysis of such systems.
Survey Content
Following the MICS global questionnaire templates, the questionnaires were designed in a modular fashion customized to the needs of Somalia. The questionnaires consist of a household questionnaire, a questionnaire for women aged 15-49 and a questionnaire for children under the age of five (to be administered to the mother or caretaker).
Survey Implementation
The Somalia MICS/PAPFAM was carried out by UNICEF with the support and assistance the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation of the Somali Transitional Federal Government, the Ministry of National Planning and Coordination of Somaliland and the Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation of Puntland. Technical assistance and training for the survey was provided through a series of regional workshops organised by UNICEF and PAPFAM, covering questionnaire content, sampling and survey implementation; data processing; data quality and data analysis; report writing and dissemination.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
UHouseholds (defined as a group of persons who usually live and eat together)
De jure household members (defined as memers of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)
Women aged 15-49
Children aged 0-4
De jure household members (defined as memers of the household who usually live in the household, which may include people who did not sleep in the household the previous night, but does not include visitors who slept in the household the previous night but do not usually live in the household)
Women aged 15-49
Children aged 0-4
Version
Version Date
2015-03-15
Version Notes
The scope of the 2006 Somali MICS/PAPFAM Survey includes:
HOUSEHOLD: Household characteristics, household listing, orphaned children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, salt iodization and maternal mortality.
WOMEN: Women's characteristics, child mortality, birth history, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, HIV/AIDS knowledge and domestic violence.
CHILDREN: Children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization and anthropometry.
HOUSEHOLD: Household characteristics, household listing, orphaned children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, salt iodization and maternal mortality.
WOMEN: Women's characteristics, child mortality, birth history, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, HIV/AIDS knowledge and domestic violence.
CHILDREN: Children's characteristics, birth registration and early learning, vitamin A, breastfeeding, care of illness, malaria, immunization and anthropometry.
Scope
Notes
The scope of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey includes: Household characteristics, household listing, orphaned and vulnerable children, education, child labour, water and sanitation, household use of insecticide treated mosquito nets, and salt iodization, with optional modules for child discipline, child disability, maternal mortality and security of tenure and durability of housing.
For women's characteristics, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavio
For women's characteristics, child mortality, tetanus toxoid, maternal and newborn health, marriage, polygyny, female genital cutting, contraception, and HIV/AIDS knowledge, with optional modules for unmet need, domestic violence, and sexual behavio
Topics
| Topic | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| House Members | MICS TOPICS |
| Education | MICS TOPICS |
| Child Mortality | MICS TOPICS |
| Vaccination | MICS TOPICS |
| Child labour | MICS TOPICS |
| Household Characteristics | MICS TOPICS |
| Water and sanitation | MICS TOPICS |
| Maternal and Newborn Health | MICS TOPICS |
| Birth History | MICS TOPICS |
| Married and Union | MICS TOPICS |
| Contraception | MICS TOPICS |
| Birth Registration | MICS TOPICS |
| Breastfeeding | MICS TOPICS |
| Attitudes towards domestic violence | MICS TOPICS |
| Early learning | MICS TOPICS |
Keywords
| Keyword | Vocabulary |
|---|---|
| Mortality rate of the children under the age of 12 | Child mortality |
| Underweight prevalence | Nutritional status |
| Breastfeeding | Timely initiation of breastfeeding |
| Tuberculosis immunization coverage, Polio | Immunisations |
| Measles immunization coverage | Immunisations |
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The Somali 2006 MICS/PAPFAM covers all regions of Somalia. For the purposes of this survey, the analysis refers to the North West Zone, the North East Zone and Central South Zone according to prewar boundaries for Somaliland and Puntland and does not imply any recognition of administrative boundaries by the United Nations or the League of Arab States.
Universe
TThe survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), all women aged 15-49 years resident in the household, and all children aged 0-4 years (under age 5) resident in the household. The survey also included a full birth history module which covered all live births born to ever-married women aged 15-49.
Producers and sponsors
Primary investigators
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| UNICEF Somalia Support Centre | Somali Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation |
| Somali Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation |
Producers
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| Pan Arab Population and Family Health Project | Somali Ministry of Planning and International Cooperation |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| UNICEF | UNICEF | Funding of survey implementation |
| WHO | WHO | Part funding of survey preparation |
| UNFPA | UNFPA | Part funding of data entry and dissemination |
| GLOBAL FUND | GF | Part funding of data collection |
Other Identifications/Acknowledgments
| Name |
|---|
| Puntland Ministry of Planning |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The target sample size for the Somali MICS was calculated as 6000 households. Within each zone a predetermined number of clusters were selected. In the North East and North West Zones 60 clusters were selected in each2. In the Central South Zone 130 clusters were selected making a total of 250 clusters with 24 households in each cluster. Within each region of each zone districts were selected using probability proportional to size (pps); in total 57 districts, out of 114 districts in Somalia were selected. The number of clusters in each district was also allocated according to estimated population size of district.The proportion of urban to non-urban clusters was determined according to the estimated populations falling within each category within each district. The non-urban population includes both the settled population in rural areas as well as the nomadic population.
Within the selected districts permanent and temporary settlements were randomly selected also using probability proportional to size sampling3. In order to ensure than nomads were included in the sample, efforts were made to include temporary settlements near to known water points where nomads would most likely to be found.
The third stage of sampling then involved the selection of the cluster(s) within the settlements. For settlements over the estimated size of 150 households some form of segmentation was necessary. Sketch maps were prepared to divide the settlements into roughly equal sizes of estimated households. Each segment was considered as an enumeration area making it possible to randomly select the required number of clusters.
Once the final clusters had been identified, households were selected randomly using a modified expanded programme for immunisation (EPI) method. The sample was stratified by urban and non-urban and is not self-weighting. For reporting national level results, sample weights are used.
Within the selected districts permanent and temporary settlements were randomly selected also using probability proportional to size sampling3. In order to ensure than nomads were included in the sample, efforts were made to include temporary settlements near to known water points where nomads would most likely to be found.
The third stage of sampling then involved the selection of the cluster(s) within the settlements. For settlements over the estimated size of 150 households some form of segmentation was necessary. Sketch maps were prepared to divide the settlements into roughly equal sizes of estimated households. Each segment was considered as an enumeration area making it possible to randomly select the required number of clusters.
Once the final clusters had been identified, households were selected randomly using a modified expanded programme for immunisation (EPI) method. The sample was stratified by urban and non-urban and is not self-weighting. For reporting national level results, sample weights are used.
Deviations from the Sample Design
No major deviations from the original sample design were made. All clusters were accessed and successfully interviewed with good response rates.
Response Rate
Of the 6000 households selected for the sample 5969 were successfully interviewed for a household response rate of 99.5 percent. In the interviewed households, 7277 women (age 15-49) were identified. Of these, 6764 were successfully interviewed, yielding a response rate of 93 percent. In addition, 6373 children under age five were listed in the household questionnaire. Of these, questionnaires were completed for 6305 which corresponds to a response rate of 98.9 percent. Overall response rates of 92.5 percent and 98.4 are calculated for the women's and under-5's interviews respectively (Table HH.1).
Weighting
The Somalia Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey sample is not self-weighted. Essentially, by allocating equal numbers of households to each of the zones in the North, different sampling fractions were used in each zone since the size of the zones varied. For this reason, sample weights were calculated at the regional level and these were used in the subsequent analyses of the survey data.
The major component of the weight is the reciprocal of the sampling fraction employed in selecting the number of sample households in that particular sampling domain:
Wh = 1 / fh
The term fh, the sampling fraction at the h-th stratum, is the product of probabilities of selection at each sampling domain:
fh = P1h * P2h
where Pih is the probability of selection of the sampling unit in the i-th stage for the h-th sampling domain.
A second component which has to be taken into account in the calculation of sample weights is the level of non-response for the household and individual interviews. The adjustment for household non-response is equal to the inverse value of:
RR = Number of interviewed households / Number of occupied households listed
After the completion of fieldwork, response rates were calculated for each sampling domain. These were used to adjust the sample weights calculated for each cluster. Response rates in the Somali Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey are shown in Table HH.1 in this report.
Similarly, the adjustment for non-response at the individual level (women and under-5 children) is equal to the inverse value of:
4
RR = Completed women's (or under-5's) questionnaires / Eligible women (or under-5s)
Numbers of eligible women and under-5 children were obtained from the household listing in the Household Questionnaire in households where interviews were completed.
The unadjusted weights for the households were calculated by multiplying the above factors for each enumeration area. These weights were then standardized (or normalized), one purpose of which is to make the sum of the interviewed sample units equal the total sample size at the national level. Normalization is performed by multiplying the aforementioned unadjusted weights by the ratio of the number of completed households to the total unadjusted weighted number of households. A similar standardization procedure was followed in obtaining standardized weights for the women's and under-5's questionnaires. Adjusted (normalized) weights varied between 0.3 and 2.5 in the 250 clusters.
Sample weights were appended to all data sets and analyses were performed by weighting each household, woman or under-5 with these sample weights.
The major component of the weight is the reciprocal of the sampling fraction employed in selecting the number of sample households in that particular sampling domain:
Wh = 1 / fh
The term fh, the sampling fraction at the h-th stratum, is the product of probabilities of selection at each sampling domain:
fh = P1h * P2h
where Pih is the probability of selection of the sampling unit in the i-th stage for the h-th sampling domain.
A second component which has to be taken into account in the calculation of sample weights is the level of non-response for the household and individual interviews. The adjustment for household non-response is equal to the inverse value of:
RR = Number of interviewed households / Number of occupied households listed
After the completion of fieldwork, response rates were calculated for each sampling domain. These were used to adjust the sample weights calculated for each cluster. Response rates in the Somali Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey are shown in Table HH.1 in this report.
Similarly, the adjustment for non-response at the individual level (women and under-5 children) is equal to the inverse value of:
4
RR = Completed women's (or under-5's) questionnaires / Eligible women (or under-5s)
Numbers of eligible women and under-5 children were obtained from the household listing in the Household Questionnaire in households where interviews were completed.
The unadjusted weights for the households were calculated by multiplying the above factors for each enumeration area. These weights were then standardized (or normalized), one purpose of which is to make the sum of the interviewed sample units equal the total sample size at the national level. Normalization is performed by multiplying the aforementioned unadjusted weights by the ratio of the number of completed households to the total unadjusted weighted number of households. A similar standardization procedure was followed in obtaining standardized weights for the women's and under-5's questionnaires. Adjusted (normalized) weights varied between 0.3 and 2.5 in the 250 clusters.
Sample weights were appended to all data sets and analyses were performed by weighting each household, woman or under-5 with these sample weights.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection
| Start | End |
|---|---|
| 2006-08-07 | 2006-09-26 |
Data Collection Mode
Face-to-face [f2f]
Supervision
Interviewing was conducted by teams of interviewers. Each interviewing team comprised of 4 female interviewers and 4 male interviewers, a field editor and a supervisor. Each team used 4 wheel drive vehicles to travel from cluster to cluster (and where necessary within cluster).
The role of the supervisor was to coordinate field data collection activities, including management of the field team, supplies and equipment, finances, maps and listings, coordinate with local authorities concerning the survey plan and make arrangements for accommodation and travel. Additionally, the field supervisor assigned the work to the interviewers, spot checked work, maintained field control documents, and sent completed questionnaires and progress reports to the central office
The field editor was responsible for reviewing each questionnaire at the end of the day, checking for missed questions, skip errors, fields incorrectly completed, and checking for inconsistencies in the data. The field editor also observed interviews and conducted review sessions with interviewers.
Responsibilities of the supervisors and field editors are described in the Instructions for Supervisors and Field Editors, together with the different field controls that were in place to control the quality of the fieldwork.
The Somali MICS also recruited field coordinators who were responsible for coordinating the work of several field teams. Field visits were made by coordinators throughout fieldwork. Planning, monitoring and evaluation staff of UNICEF also made regular visits to field teams to provide support and to review progress. The Somali MICS Coordinator visited several field teams during data collection across the country.
The role of the supervisor was to coordinate field data collection activities, including management of the field team, supplies and equipment, finances, maps and listings, coordinate with local authorities concerning the survey plan and make arrangements for accommodation and travel. Additionally, the field supervisor assigned the work to the interviewers, spot checked work, maintained field control documents, and sent completed questionnaires and progress reports to the central office
The field editor was responsible for reviewing each questionnaire at the end of the day, checking for missed questions, skip errors, fields incorrectly completed, and checking for inconsistencies in the data. The field editor also observed interviews and conducted review sessions with interviewers.
Responsibilities of the supervisors and field editors are described in the Instructions for Supervisors and Field Editors, together with the different field controls that were in place to control the quality of the fieldwork.
The Somali MICS also recruited field coordinators who were responsible for coordinating the work of several field teams. Field visits were made by coordinators throughout fieldwork. Planning, monitoring and evaluation staff of UNICEF also made regular visits to field teams to provide support and to review progress. The Somali MICS Coordinator visited several field teams during data collection across the country.
Data Collection Notes
The pretest for the survey took place in July 2006 in each zone. Approximately ten percent of the total sample size was pre-tested; the three pre-tests combined lasted between 1 to 2 weeks. The pre-tests were conducted by the survey coordinators with the assistance of future supervisors and interviewers.
The largest complaint regarding the questionnaires in the pretest was the length. For a household, the minimum time the questionnaires were completed in was one and a quarter hours, the maximum time was around two and a half hours. Supervisors noticed however that in the latter days of pre-testing interviewers gained much more speed. Therefore in the first week of data collection it was necessary to allow more time for survey teams to complete clusters but the time steadily reduced as fieldwork continued.
The largest complaint regarding the questionnaires in the pretest was the length. For a household, the minimum time the questionnaires were completed in was one and a quarter hours, the maximum time was around two and a half hours. Supervisors noticed however that in the latter days of pre-testing interviewers gained much more speed. Therefore in the first week of data collection it was necessary to allow more time for survey teams to complete clusters but the time steadily reduced as fieldwork continued.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Directorate of National Statistics | DNS | Ministry of planning and International Cooperation |
Questionnaires
Questionnaires
Three sets of questionnaires were used in the survey: 1) a household questionnaire which was used to collect information on all de jure household members, the household, and the dwelling; 2) a women's questionnaire administered in each household to all women aged 15-49 years; and 3) an under-5 questionnaire normally administered to mothers of under-5 children; in cases when the mother was not listed in the household roster, a primary caretaker for the child was identified and interviewed. Each questionnaire comprised several modules:
The Household Questionnaire included the following:
Household listingo
Educationo
Water and Sanitationo
Household characteristicso
Child Labouro
Insecticide Treated Netso
Maternal Mortalityo
Salt Iodizationo
The Questionnaire for Individual Women included the following:
Child Mortalityo
Birth Historyo
Tetanus Toxoido
Maternal and Newborn Healtho
Marriage/Uniono
Contraceptiono
Female Genital Mutilationo
HIV/AIDSo
The Questionnaire for Children Under Five included the following:
Birth Registration and Early Learningo
Vitamin Ao
Breastfeedingo
Care of Illnesso
Malariao
Immunizationo
Anthropometryo
The questionnaires are based on the MICS model questionnaire4 with some additional questions included to reflect PAPFAM's interests as well as some country specific questions. From the MICS English version, the questionnaires were translated into Somali and were pre-tested in urban and rural areas in each zone during June and July 2006, efforts were made to ensure that nomadic households were included in the pre-testing. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires. A copy of the Somali MICS questionnaires is provided in Appendix F.
The Household Questionnaire included the following:
Household listingo
Educationo
Water and Sanitationo
Household characteristicso
Child Labouro
Insecticide Treated Netso
Maternal Mortalityo
Salt Iodizationo
The Questionnaire for Individual Women included the following:
Child Mortalityo
Birth Historyo
Tetanus Toxoido
Maternal and Newborn Healtho
Marriage/Uniono
Contraceptiono
Female Genital Mutilationo
HIV/AIDSo
The Questionnaire for Children Under Five included the following:
Birth Registration and Early Learningo
Vitamin Ao
Breastfeedingo
Care of Illnesso
Malariao
Immunizationo
Anthropometryo
The questionnaires are based on the MICS model questionnaire4 with some additional questions included to reflect PAPFAM's interests as well as some country specific questions. From the MICS English version, the questionnaires were translated into Somali and were pre-tested in urban and rural areas in each zone during June and July 2006, efforts were made to ensure that nomadic households were included in the pre-testing. Based on the results of the pre-test, modifications were made to the wording and translation of the questionnaires. A copy of the Somali MICS questionnaires is provided in Appendix F.
Data Processing
Data Editing
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey daData editing took place at a number of stages throughout the processing, including:
a) Office editing and coding
b) During data entry
c) Structure checking and completeness
d) Secondary editing
e) Structural checking of SPSS data files
ta had been editied by field supervisors in the collection stage, then subsequently
a) Office editing and coding
b) During data entry
c) Structure checking and completeness
d) Secondary editing
e) Structural checking of SPSS data files
ta had been editied by field supervisors in the collection stage, then subsequently
Data Appraisal
Estimates of Sampling Error
Estimates from a sample survey are affected by two types of errors: 1) non-sampling errors and 2) sampling errors. Non-sampling errors are the results of mistakes made in the implementation of data collection and data processing. Numerous efforts were made during implementation of the 2005-2006 MICS to minimize this type of error, however, non-sampling errors are impossible to avoid and difficult to evaluate statistically.
Sampling errors can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents to the 2006 MICS is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differe somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability in the results of the survey between all possible samples, and, although, the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results. The sampling erros are measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean or percentage), which is the square root of the variance. Confidence intervals are calculated for each statistic within which the true value for the population can be assumed to fall. Plus or minus two standard errors of the statistic is used for key statistics presented in MICS, equivalent to a 95 percent confidence interval.
If the sample of respondents had been a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulae for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2005-2006 MICS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and consequently needs to use more complex formulae. The SPSS complex samples module has been used to calculate sampling errors for the 2005-2006 MICS. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. This method is documented in the SPSS file CSDescriptives.pdf found under the Help, Algorithms options in SPSS.
Sampling errors have been calculated for a select set of statistics (all of which are proportions due to the limitations of the Taylor linearization method) for the national sample, urban and rural areas, and for each of the five regions. For each statistic, the estimate, its standard error, the coefficient of variation (or relative error -- the ratio between the standard error and the estimate), the design effect, and the square root design effect (DEFT -- the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used), as well as the 95 percent confidence intervals (+/-2 standard errors).
Details of the sampling errors are presented in the sampling errors appendix to the final report.
Sampling errors can be evaluated statistically. The sample of respondents to the 2006 MICS is only one of many possible samples that could have been selected from the same population, using the same design and expected size. Each of these samples would yield results that differe somewhat from the results of the actual sample selected. Sampling errors are a measure of the variability in the results of the survey between all possible samples, and, although, the degree of variability is not known exactly, it can be estimated from the survey results. The sampling erros are measured in terms of the standard error for a particular statistic (mean or percentage), which is the square root of the variance. Confidence intervals are calculated for each statistic within which the true value for the population can be assumed to fall. Plus or minus two standard errors of the statistic is used for key statistics presented in MICS, equivalent to a 95 percent confidence interval.
If the sample of respondents had been a simple random sample, it would have been possible to use straightforward formulae for calculating sampling errors. However, the 2005-2006 MICS sample is the result of a multi-stage stratified design, and consequently needs to use more complex formulae. The SPSS complex samples module has been used to calculate sampling errors for the 2005-2006 MICS. This module uses the Taylor linearization method of variance estimation for survey estimates that are means or proportions. This method is documented in the SPSS file CSDescriptives.pdf found under the Help, Algorithms options in SPSS.
Sampling errors have been calculated for a select set of statistics (all of which are proportions due to the limitations of the Taylor linearization method) for the national sample, urban and rural areas, and for each of the five regions. For each statistic, the estimate, its standard error, the coefficient of variation (or relative error -- the ratio between the standard error and the estimate), the design effect, and the square root design effect (DEFT -- the ratio between the standard error using the given sample design and the standard error that would result if a simple random sample had been used), as well as the 95 percent confidence intervals (+/-2 standard errors).
Details of the sampling errors are presented in the sampling errors appendix to the final report.
Data Appraisal
A series of data quality tables and graphs are available to review the quality of the data and include the following:
Age distribution of the household population
Age distribution of eligible women and interviewed women
Age distribution of eligible children and children for whom the mother or caretaker was interviewed
Age distribution of children under age 5 by 3 month groups
Age and period ratios at boundaries of eligibility
Percent of observations with missing information on selected variables
Presence of mother inthe household and person interviewed for the under 5 questionnaire
School attendance by single year age
Sex ratio at birth among children ever born, surviving and dead by age of respondent
Distribution of women by time since last birth
Scatterplot of weight by height, weight by age and height by age
Graph of male and female population by single years of age
Population pyramid
The results of each of these data quality tables is shown in the appendix of the final report.
The generral rule for presentation of missing data in the final report tabulations is that a column is presented for missing data if the percentage of cases with missing data is 1% or more. Cases with missing data on the background characteristics (e.g. education) are included in the tables, but the missing data rows are suppressed and noted at the bottom of the tables in the report (not in the SPSS output, however).
Age distribution of the household population
Age distribution of eligible women and interviewed women
Age distribution of eligible children and children for whom the mother or caretaker was interviewed
Age distribution of children under age 5 by 3 month groups
Age and period ratios at boundaries of eligibility
Percent of observations with missing information on selected variables
Presence of mother inthe household and person interviewed for the under 5 questionnaire
School attendance by single year age
Sex ratio at birth among children ever born, surviving and dead by age of respondent
Distribution of women by time since last birth
Scatterplot of weight by height, weight by age and height by age
Graph of male and female population by single years of age
Population pyramid
The results of each of these data quality tables is shown in the appendix of the final report.
The generral rule for presentation of missing data in the final report tabulations is that a column is presented for missing data if the percentage of cases with missing data is 1% or more. Cases with missing data on the background characteristics (e.g. education) are included in the tables, but the missing data rows are suppressed and noted at the bottom of the tables in the report (not in the SPSS output, however).
Access policy
Contacts
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Directorate of National Statistics | Ministry of Planning & International Cooperation | diwan@pcbs.gov.ps | www.mopic.go.so |
Confidentiality
1. All individual information and data submitted to the Department for statistical purposes shall be treated as confidential and shall not be divulged, in whole or in part, to any individual or to a public or private body, or used for any purpose other than for preparing statistical tables.
2. The Department shall endeavor to issue official statistical publications in aggregate tables, which do not disclose individual data, in conformity with the confidentiality of statistical data.
Users of the data agree to keep confidential all data contained in these datasets and to make no attempt to identify, trace or contact any individual whose data is included in these datasets.
Access conditions
1. pledges the utilization of “data” or any copies thereof shall be limited to the purposes agreed upon including not granting any third parties any access to these data. Restrictions applies to any data duplication or transformed setting for purposes other than meeting the requirements of the statistical programs used in data analysis.
2. Utilization of “data” or any copies thereof is limited to personal computers normally .
3. pledges not to alter the value of any observation in the original “data”; nevertheless, this does not apply on subjecting data to any processes or procedures aiming to derive new variables. The first party does not bear any professional, administrative or financial responsibility for any losses incurred as a result of changes in the variables values.
2. Utilization of “data” or any copies thereof is limited to personal computers normally .
3. pledges not to alter the value of any observation in the original “data”; nevertheless, this does not apply on subjecting data to any processes or procedures aiming to derive new variables. The first party does not bear any professional, administrative or financial responsibility for any losses incurred as a result of changes in the variables values.
Citation requirements
UNICEF Somalia, Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey: Household , household listing, women, children's and birth history files, 2006.Nairobi provided by New York: Strategic Information Section, Division of Policy and Planning, UNICEF.
Access authority
| Name | Affiliation | URL | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Directorate of National Statistics | Ministry Of Planning and International Cooperation | info@mopic.gov.so | www.mopic.gov.so |
Disclaimer and copyrights
Disclaimer
This Somali 2006 MICS covers all regions of Somalia. For the purposes of this survey, the analysis refers to the North West Zone, the North East Zone and Central South Zone according to prewar boundaries for Somaliland and Puntland and does not imply any recognition of administrative boundaries by the United Nations or the League of Arab States. This will allow some comparison with the previous MICS surveys, and is consistent with the common approach adopted by the UNCountry Team Statistics Working Group
Copyright
(c) All Rights Reserved. Directorate of National Statistics and UNICEF (Reference Date of Data).
Metadata production
DDI Document ID
DDI-SOM-DNS-MICS-2006
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Statistics | DNS | Ministry of Planning Puntland State of Somalia | Collection and Production of Statistics |
Date of Metadata Production
2015-03-15